What are Cannabinoids?

by | Aug 14, 2024 | Hemp 101

cannabinoids

What Are Cannabinoids? A Comprehensive Guide to Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids

Understanding Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are naturally occurring compounds found in the cannabis plant, responsible for many of its therapeutic benefits. These compounds interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) to regulate various physiological processes, such as mood, pain, appetite, and immune response.

Types of Cannabinoids

  1. Natural Cannabinoids: These are cannabinoids directly extracted from the cannabis plant. The most well-known are THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (Cannabidiol), but there are many others, including minor cannabinoids like CBG (Cannabigerol) and CBN (Cannabinol).
  2. Synthetic Cannabinoids: Unlike natural cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids are created in a lab. They mimic the effects of natural cannabinoids but can be much more potent and are often associated with unpredictable side effects.

List of Cannabinoids and Their Effects

Understanding the effects of different cannabinoids can help you choose the best products for your needs.

Major Cannabinoids

  • THC: The primary psychoactive component in cannabis. Known for its effects on pain relief, appetite stimulation, and relaxation.
  • CBD: Non-psychoactive and widely used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective properties.

Minor Cannabinoids

  • CBG (Cannabigerol): Known as the “mother of all cannabinoids,” CBG is the precursor to other cannabinoids and has potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.
  • CBN (Cannabinol): Often found in aged cannabis, CBN is mildly psychoactive and is primarily used for its sedative effects, making it useful in treating sleep disorders.

Cannabinoids’ Effects on the Brain

Cannabinoids interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, primarily CB1 and CB2 receptors. These interactions influence various mental and physical processes.

The Role of THC and CBD

  • THC: Binds strongly to CB1 receptors, which are abundant in the brain. This binding is responsible for the “high” and alters neurotransmitter release, affecting mood, perception, and cognition.
  • CBD: Modulates the effects of THC and interacts with multiple receptor types, including serotonin receptors, providing a calming effect without intoxication.

Understanding Cannabinoids – Dive into the world of cannabinoids and their impact on your health.

Best Oil for Cannabinoids

When it comes to maximizing the benefits of cannabinoids, choosing the right oil base is crucial. We believe that MCT oil offers the best results in a base oil to deliver our Genesis Blend full spectrum extract in.

The Debate on Water-Soluble Cannabinoids

While water-soluble cannabinoids have gained attention for their purported ease of absorption, it’s important to note that no conclusive studies have been conducted to prove that they are more efficient than traditional fat-soluble cannabinoids.

Cannabinoids are naturally fat-soluble, which means they are optimally absorbed when paired with a fat-based carrier, such as MCT oil. The process of making cannabinoids water-soluble involves separating them from their natural lipid-based parts, which may reduce their effectiveness. This separation can interfere with the synergistic entourage effect that occurs in full spectrum CBD oil, where all the cannabinoids and terpenes work together to enhance the therapeutic benefits.

Read Our Harrelson’s Own CBD Oil Review – See how this new CBD oil compares to others on the market.

Why Full Spectrum CBD in Carrier Oil is Superior

For those seeking the best results from their CBD oil, full spectrum CBD in a carrier oil like MCT is the preferred choice. Full spectrum CBD contains all the naturally occurring compounds in the cannabis plant, preserving the entourage effect, which is crucial for maximizing the oil’s potential benefits. MCT oil, being a fat-based carrier, enhances the absorption of these cannabinoids, ensuring that you receive the full therapeutic effects of the product.

Conclusion

When it comes to reaping the full benefits of CBD oil, natural full spectrum oils offer a significant advantage. These oils contain a wide range of natural cannabinoids that work together to create the entourage effect, amplifying the therapeutic potential of each compound. In contrast, water-soluble and synthetic cannabinoids are often isolated single molecules, which do not produce this synergistic effect.

For those seeking the maximum benefits from their CBD oil, it is crucial to choose full spectrum CBD products like Genesis Blend from Bluegrass Hemp Oil. These products are carefully crafted to preserve the natural harmony of cannabinoids, providing you with a more effective and holistic wellness solution.

List of cannabinoids

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBD is one of the most prevalent cannabinoids currently being studied and researched for its therapeutic value. This compound is popular because of its wide array of uses without the “stoned” feeling associated with THC. Most CBD products today are derived from hemp, which contains a much higher amount of CBD and less than 0.3% THC. Some of the main benefits of Cannabidiol include pain relief, reduced anxiousness, reduced inflammation, lessened seizures and convulsions, blood sugar regulation, sleep regulation, and many more.

CBD is unique in that it does not directly bind to CB1 or CB2 receptors in the body but interacts with several other non-cannabinoid receptors and ion channels, including serotonin receptors, TRPV1 receptors (involved in pain and inflammation), and GPR55 receptors (which influence bone density and blood pressure). CBD has also been known to counteract the psychoactive effects of THC while boosting the therapeutic benefits of both cannabinoids. Additionally, research suggests that CBD has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, making it a compound of interest in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.

Learn more about the benefits and uses of Cannabidiol (CBD)

CBDa (Cannabidiolic Acid)

CBDa is the acidic precursor to CBD and is found in hemp in its natural state before decarboxylation (the process of applying heat) converts it into CBD. If you were to extract oil from the hemp bloom straight off the plant, the central compound would be CBDa. While CBD is generally the main known compound in CBD products, full spectrum products can also contain small amounts of CBDa, THCa, THC, and many other beneficial cannabinoids and terpenes.

CBDa has its own distinct benefits, including reducing inflammation, lowering seizure frequency, relieving nausea, and potentially aiding in the treatment of certain mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Recent studies suggest that CBDa might also have a stronger affinity for certain serotonin receptors than CBD, indicating its potential use as an antiemetic, especially for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Discover the Benefits of CBDA – Learn how CBDA differs from CBD and why it’s gaining attention in the wellness world.

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

THC is the most well-known cannabinoid found in cannabis, primarily due to its psychoactive effects and its status as the most predominant cannabinoid in marijuana. THC binds strongly to CB1 receptors in the brain, leading to the “high” that users experience. Its therapeutic values include pain relief, appetite stimulation, reduction of nausea and vomiting, and, in some cases, it may help with anxiety and mood disorders.

THC has also been studied for its neuroprotective properties, making it a candidate for the treatment of conditions like multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and neuropathic pain. Additionally, THC may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that contribute to its overall therapeutic potential.

THCa (Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid)

THCa is the raw, non-psychoactive form of THC, naturally present in the cannabis plant. As the plant dries, THCa slowly converts to THC, a process expedited by the application of heat (decarboxylation). While THCa does not produce the psychoactive effects of THC, it has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits, which include anti-inflammatory effects, neuroprotective properties, anti-emetic effects (preventing vomiting), and anti-proliferative properties, which may help in the fight against cancer cells.

THCa may also aid sleep by reducing inflammation and pain, thus providing a more restful experience. Recent studies suggest that THCa might also play a role in immune system modulation, making it a compound of interest for autoimmune diseases.

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)

THCV is similar in molecular structure and psychoactive effects to THC, but the two cannabinoids have different effects. While THC is known for stimulating appetite, THCV is known for suppressing it. Some noted results of THCV include appetite suppression, blood sugar regulation, and reducing insulin resistance, which is particularly beneficial for people with type 2 diabetes.

THCV has also been shown to reduce panic attacks without suppressing emotion, making it a potential treatment for anxiety disorders. Additionally, THCV is being studied for its ability to promote bone growth and decrease the frequency and severity of seizures. Unlike THC, THCV’s psychoactive effects are more noticeable at higher doses and may even counteract some of the effects of THC at lower doses.

CBG (Cannabigerol)

CBG is often referred to as the “mother of all cannabinoids” because it is the chemical precursor to THCa, CBDa, and CBC. During the plant’s growth, enzymes convert CBG into one of these other cannabinoids, meaning that CBG is typically found in very small amounts in mature cannabis plants (usually less than 1%). Despite its lower concentration, CBG has several potential benefits. These include aiding sleep, promoting bone growth, reducing intraocular pressure (which may be beneficial for glaucoma patients), and slowing bacterial growth.

CBG has also shown promise as an anti-inflammatory agent and is being studied for its neuroprotective properties, particularly in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease. Additionally, CBG may have potential anti-cancer properties and is being investigated for its role in inhibiting the growth of colorectal cancer cells.

CBC (Cannabichromene)

CBC is a lesser-known cannabinoid but is considered to be a significant player in the overall effects of full spectrum cannabis products. CBC is thought to work synergistically with other cannabinoids, particularly THC and CBD, to enhance their effects. Some of the studied benefits of CBC include reducing inflammation, providing pain relief, and promoting bone growth.

Like CBD, CBC is non-psychoactive and does not bind directly to CB1 receptors. Instead, it interacts with other receptors in the body, including TRPV1 and TRPA1, which are involved in the perception of pain. CBC is also being studied for its potential anti-cancer properties and its ability to promote neurogenesis (the growth of new neurons), making it a cannabinoid of interest for treating conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and depression.

CBN (Cannabinol)

  • Description: CBN is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that is produced when THC oxidizes (ages). It is typically found in older cannabis and is considered a degradation product of THC.
  • Benefits: CBN is primarily known for its sedative effects, making it potentially useful for treating sleep disorders like insomnia. It also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain-relieving), and antibacterial properties. CBN may also stimulate appetite and act as a neuroprotectant.

CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)

  • Description: CBDA is the acidic precursor to CBD, similar to how THCA is the precursor to THC. It is found in raw, unprocessed cannabis and is converted to CBD through decarboxylation.
  • Benefits: CBDA has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-nausea, and anti-seizure properties. It interacts with serotonin receptors in the body, making it potentially useful in treating anxiety and depression.

CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)

  • Description: CBCV is a homolog of CBC and is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. It is structurally similar to CBC but has a shorter side chain.
  • Benefits: Although research is limited, CBCV is believed to have similar effects to CBC, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and potential anti-cancer properties. It may also contribute to the entourage effect when used in combination with other cannabinoids.

CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)

  • Description: CBGV is the varinolic acid form of CBG and is similar in structure to CBG but with a shorter side chain. It is a precursor to THCV and CBDV, much like CBG is for THC and CBD.
  • Benefits: CBGV is still under study, but it is thought to have potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Like other varin cannabinoids, it may also have potential in treating conditions like epilepsy and metabolic disorders.

CBDV (Cannabidivarin)

  • Description: CBDV is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid that is similar in structure to CBD but has a shorter side chain. It is found primarily in strains of cannabis that are low in THC.
  • Benefits: CBDV has shown promise in treating epilepsy, particularly for reducing the frequency and severity of seizures. It is also being studied for its potential in treating autism spectrum disorders and nausea.

THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)

  • Description: THCV is a psychoactive cannabinoid similar to THC but with different effects. It has a shorter duration of psychoactive effects and can act as an antagonist to THC at lower doses.
  • Benefits: THCV is known for its appetite-suppressing properties, making it of interest for weight management. It also has potential benefits for blood sugar regulation, reducing insulin resistance, and managing anxiety without suppressing emotions. Additionally, THCV may promote bone growth and reduce seizures.

CBGA (Cannabigerolic Acid)

  • Description: CBGA is the precursor to CBG and other major cannabinoids like THCA, CBDA, and CBCA. It is often referred to as the “mother cannabinoid” because it is the starting point from which these other cannabinoids are synthesized in the cannabis plant.
  • Benefits: CBGA is being studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cancer-fighting properties. It may also play a role in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular health. As with CBG, CBGA’s role in the synthesis of other cannabinoids makes it crucial in the overall cannabinoid profile of the plant.

CBL (Cannabicyclol)

  • Description: CBL is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid formed as a degradation product of CBC through exposure to light. It is found in older cannabis plants and is less studied compared to other cannabinoids.
  • Benefits: There is limited research on CBL, but it is believed to have potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, similar to CBC. Its role in the entourage effect is also of interest to researchers.

CBCa (Cannabichromenic Acid)

  • Description: CBCa is the acidic precursor to CBC. It is found in raw cannabis and is converted to CBC through decarboxylation. Like other acidic cannabinoids, CBCa is non-psychoactive.
  • Benefits: CBCa is being studied for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It may also have potential benefits in promoting bone health and acting as an analgesic.

Delta-8-THC

  • Description: Delta-8-THC is an analog of THC with a slightly different chemical structure, differing by the placement of a double bond. It is psychoactive but generally considered less potent than Delta-9-THC (the most common form of THC).
  • Benefits: Delta-8-THC provides similar benefits to Delta-9-THC, including pain relief, appetite stimulation, and nausea reduction. However, it is often reported to produce a milder, more clear-headed high with less anxiety and paranoia.

Delta-10-THC

  • Description: Delta-10-THC is another analog of THC that is gaining attention for its psychoactive properties, though it is less common and less studied than Delta-8-THC and Delta-9-THC.
  • Benefits: Like other forms of THC, Delta-10-THC may offer benefits such as pain relief, mood enhancement, and anti-nausea effects. Its psychoactive effects are reported to be milder and more energizing compared to Delta-9-THC.

CBT (Cannabicitran)

  • Description: CBT is a lesser-known, non-psychoactive cannabinoid. It is structurally similar to CBD and CBN and is found in small quantities in some cannabis strains.
  • Benefits: Research on CBT is still in the early stages, but it may have potential applications in treating conditions like glaucoma, as it is believed to reduce intraocular pressure. Its role in the entourage effect is also being explored.

CBND (Cannabinodiol)

  • Description: CBND is a lesser-known cannabinoid that forms as a degradation product of CBD. It is typically found in aged cannabis plants and has a structure similar to CBN.
  • Benefits: Like CBN, CBND is believed to have sedative effects and may be useful in treating sleep disorders. It also has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, though research is limited.

THCP (Tetrahydrocannabiphorol)

  • Description: THCP is a recently discovered cannabinoid that is structurally similar to THC but has a longer alkyl side chain. This longer chain allows it to bind more strongly to CB1 receptors, making it potentially more potent than THC.
  • Benefits: Early research suggests that THCP may be up to 30 times more potent than THC, meaning it could provide stronger psychoactive effects and more pronounced therapeutic benefits, such as pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects, and appetite stimulation. However, because it is newly discovered, more research is needed to fully understand its potential.

CBDP (Cannabidiphorol)

  • Description: CBDP is another recently discovered cannabinoid, similar to CBD but with a longer alkyl side chain, like THCP. Its discovery suggests that it may have a more significant impact on the endocannabinoid system, though its effects are not yet well understood.
  • Benefits: Although research is still in the early stages, CBDP may have enhanced therapeutic benefits similar to CBD, potentially offering stronger anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. Further studies are needed to explore its full potential.